Wall Street Warns About “Perfect Storm” Diesel Crunch:
Brent crude remains hostage to daily geopolitical developments in the Gulf region more than five months into the conflict, with muted traffic through the Strait of Hormuz (read the latest US-Iran wrap) constraining tanker flows and driving refined-product markets to new, dire extremes as they become the focal point of the energy crisis.
Brent briefly fell below $80 a barrel last week as prospects improved for an Iran-Oman deal to reopen the maritime chokepoint, before rebounding toward $90 as negotiations stalled this week.
Hormuz traffic has stabilized at about 10 crossings a day, down from 30 to 40 before the latest escalation. Liquids flows are averaging roughly 4 million barrels a day, well below public estimates of 9 million, according to HSBC analysts.
We earlier cited Jefferies analyst Sam Burwell, who warned clients:
“What this all shows is that global oil-market tightness is manifesting itself in cracks, not crude, at least for now. Wide cracks suggest refining runs should remain strong, however, which is positive for crude.
By lunchtime Thursday, the front-month US diesel crack spread (HOCL1 on the Terminal) had exceeded the $97 level reached in mid-March, when the US-Iran conflict was just three weeks old, and was closing in on $100. That signals extreme tightness in diesel.
Francisco Blanch, head of commodities at Bank of America, warned clients in a note earlier titled “Diesel’s Perfect Summer Storm” that the industrial fuel is “materially disrupted in 3 of 4 major regions” around the world.
As we recently warned (see report: The crude reality of oil markets), supply disruptions are amplifying the squeeze on petroleum markets.
Three of the world’s four major refining hubs remain impaired for one reason or another.
First, the closure of the Strait of Hormuz and adjacent military activity has reduced Middle East fuel exports, with the recent Houthi strike on Saudi Arabia’s Jazan refinery being the latest example.
Second, record Russian refining disruptions following Ukrainian strikes have removed significant volumes from the global diesel pool.
Third, fearful of potential domestic shortages, China has yet to restart petroleum product exports to the Asia region. As such, Europe has increasingly relied on record US exports to fill the gap.
Yet those flows are drawing down already tight US inventories, the only major hub open for business, creating a global competition for fuel that is pushing diesel cracks back toward record seasonal highs.
Beyond Ukraine drone-striking Russian energy assets, Moscow has decided to ban diesel exports; yet again, more evidence of dwindling global supplies:
Separately, Anthony Yuen, managing director and head of energy strategy at Citi Research, warned clients that global observed diesel inventories are “below the five-year minimum and not substantially lower than this,” adding, “The last time inventories were at a similar level was in 2022, when gasoil cracks globally were about $20/bbl lower than currently observed, and they were meaningfully lower in 2018.”
Goldman’s commodities expert Daan Struyven told clients earlier today:
Since the Iran war began, we have viewed the Hormuz shock as more disruptive for refined products, especially diesel, than for crude.
Near-record prompt diesel margins have already triggered a strong supply response from refiners with spare capacity, including higher utilization and a shift in yields toward diesel. As a result, outright diesel shortages still look unlikely this year.
Struyven showed that global diesel exports are crashing.
Kpler data suggest that Persian Gulf flows are down 80% year over year for diesel, versus 48% for crude.
BofA’s Blanch noted, “In short, absent a meaningful supply recovery, the diesel market appears poised to stay tight, volatile, and expensive well into next year.”
The clearest signal of how far the energy crisis has spread, even as Brent and WTI remain relatively calm, is now visible in refined-product markets, particularly diesel, where the blowout in crack spreads signals a severe global supply squeeze.
