MIT Scientists Create New Nanoparticle Sensors To Detect Early Cancer Via Simple Paper Test
Authored by Bill Pan via The Epoch Times
Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have designed nanoparticle sensors that could diagnose early-stage cancer through a simple urine test on a strip of paper. The scientists said these sensors, designed to detect many cancerous proteins, could also distinguish the type of tumour, how it responds to treatment, and whether it has metastasized.
Nanoparticles previously created by the team can detect the activity of proteases, biological catalysts that can help tumour cells spread. However, since this equipment is not always available, the researchers developed new nanoparticle sensors that could be analyzed more easily and affordably using a technology that reads repetitive DNA sequences called CRISPR.
Specifically, the nanosensors are designed so that when they encounter a tumour, they shed short sequences of DNA that will eventually end up in the patient’s urine. The urine sample can be analyzed using a paper strip that recognizes a signal activated by a CRISPR enzyme called Cas12a. When a particular DNA “barcode” is present, Cas12a enhances the signal so it appears as a dark strip on the paper test.
In a study conducted in mice, the scientists showed that a panel of five DNA barcodes could accurately distinguish tumours that first arose in the lungs from tumours formed by colorectal cancer cells that had metastasized. The team also collaborated with other institutions to build a device to distinguish at least 46 DNA barcodes in a single sample. The scientists said they are now working on further developing the nanoparticles, with the goal of testing them in humans.
